Maritime threat response

This report was prepared by Systems Engineering and Analysis Cohort Nine (SEA-9) Maritime Threat Response, (MTR) team members.Background: The 2006 Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Cross-Campus Integrated Study, titled “Maritime Threat Response” involved the combined effort of 7 NPS Systems Engineering students, 7 Singaporean Temasek Defense Systems Institute (TDSI) students, 12 students from the Total Ship Systems Engineering (TSSE) curriculum, and numerous NPS faculty members from different NPS departments. After receiving tasking provided by the Wayne E. Meyer Institute of Systems Engineering at NPS in support of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense, the study examined ways to validate intelligence and respond to maritime terrorist attacks against United States coastal harbors and ports. Through assessment of likely harbors and waterways to base the study upon, the San Francisco Bay was selected as a representative test-bed for the integrated study. The NPS Systems Engineering and Analysis Cohort 9 (SEA-9) Maritime Threat Response (MTR) team, in conjunction with the TDSI students, used the Systems Engineering Lifecycle Process (SELP) [shown in Figure ES-1, p. xxiii ] as a systems engineering framework to conduct the multi-disciplinary study. While not actually fabricating any hardware, such a process was well-suited for tailoring to the team’s research efforts and project focus. The SELP was an iterative process used to bound and scope the MTR problem, determine needs, requirements, functions, and to design architecture alternatives to satisfy stakeholder needs and desires. The SoS approach taken [shown in Figure ES-2, p. xxiv ]enabled the team to apply a systematic approach to problem definition, needs analysis, requirements, analysis, functional analysis, and then architecture development and assessment.In the twenty-first century, the threat of asymmetric warfare in the form of terrorism is one of the most likely direct threats to the United States homeland. It has been recognized that perhaps the key element in protecting the continental United States from terrorist threats is obtaining intelligence of impending attacks in advance. Enormous amounts of resources are currently allocated to obtaining and parsing such intelligence. However, it remains a difficult problem to deal with such attacks once intelligence is obtained. In this context, the Maritime Threat Response Project has applied Systems Engineering processes to propose different cost-effective System of Systems (SoS) architecture solutions to surface-based terrorist threats emanating from the maritime domain. The project applied a five-year time horizon to provide near-term solutions to the prospective decision makers and take maximum advantage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions and emphasize new Concepts of Operations (CONOPS) for existing systems. Results provided insight into requirements for interagency interactions in support of Maritime Security and demonstrated the criticality of timely and accurate intelligence in support of counterterror operations.This report was prepared for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland DefenseApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Wirelessly networked opportunistic digital phased array system analysis and development of a 2.4 GHz demonstrator

The concept of a wirelessly networked opportunistic digital phased array radar brings about the added advantages of stealth, enhanced survivability, and maximum maneuverablity. The array elements are spread over a wide range of locations on the ship's hull and superstructure, and the Local Oscillator (LO) and data/control signals are wirelessly transmitted to and from a central computer processor, which also performs as the digital beamformer. As part of the ongoing research effort, this thesis focused on the hardware and software development of a 2.4 GHz two-element array demonstrator. A system analysis of a generic distributed array radar was done and some key parameters pertaining to the Transmit/Recieve (T/R) module and an eight-element array radar were calculated. In addition, the research analyzed the radar waveform properties, sampling and data rates, the digital beamformer concept and requirements, and assessed their impacts on the radar performoance. Two Transmit/Recieve (T/R) modules were built and a two-element array test bench developed using the various National Instruments Compact Reconfigurable Input and Output (cRIO) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) modules. The main software, written in LabVIEW, allowed the test bench to demonstrate proper functionalities of transmission and reception of the T/R modules. The hardware and software code could be extended easily for an eight-element array radar. Lastly, a number of measurements to characterize the T/R module were done. No significant interference between the modulator and demodulator boards inside of the compact T/R module chassis were observed.http://archive.org/details/wirelesslynetwor109452424Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Measurement of wave velocities and attenuation using an ultrasonic test system

The use of ultrasonic testing to determine pulse velocities and small-strain elastic constants for rocks has been standardized in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D2845-95. However, the use of ultrasonic testing to determine pulse velocities and small-strain elastic constants of soils is less common, as soils have higher damping characteristics which result in measurement difficulty. The signal transmitted through soil is weak and very noisy. As a result, the signal must be properly processed to provide a reliable estimate of the wave travel time. In this paper, an ultrasonic test system consisting of compression and shear wave transducers, a pulser, and a data-acquisition system is evaluated for measurement of both compression and shear wave velocities. Among the specimens tested were fully saturated and unsaturated soil specimens. The effects of acoustic coupling and signal processing on the transmitted pulse were investigated. The strain levels associated with the determination of the wave velocities were also measured. Furthermore, a method for determining attenuation characteristics for soil specimens from the frequency spectra is suggested.Accepted versio

Measuring shear wave velocity using bender elements

The use of bender element to measure shear wave velocity is popular due to its simplicity. However, there are still some uncertainties in the interpretation of the bender element test. In this paper, the use of bender elements in the determination of shear wave velocities of dry, unsaturated, and saturated soil specimens is examined with respect to the characteristics of the bender elements, waveform, magnitude, and frequency of the applied voltage to the transmitter bender element and method of travel time determination. The interpretation of the bender element test can be improved if two performance criteria are adopted: (1) a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 4 dB for the receiver signal, and (2) a wave path length to wavelength ratio of at least 3.33. Procedures to estimate the strain level associated with the shear wave velocity measurement using bender element are also described.Accepted versio

Distributed phased arrays and wireless beamforming networks

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320701863635Distributed phased arrays have advantages over conventional arrays in many radar and communication applications. Additional advantages are realized by replacing the microwave beamforming circuit by a wireless network, thus forming a wirelessly networked distributed sensor array. This article examines various aspects of a distributed phased array that incorporates wireless beamforming. First, the fundamental array theory and digital signal processing are reviewed. Basic equations are presented and compared to simulations for a ship-based radar application. Next the basic array architecture is described and the critical techniques and components that are required to realize the design are discussed. Methods are introduced for time and phase synchronization, transmit-receive isolation, sensor location issues, and bandwidth and frequency dispersion

Therapeutic temperature management (TTM): post-resuscitation care for adult cardiac arrest, with recommendations from the National TTM Workgroup

10.11622/smedj.2017067SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL587408-41

Recapitalization of Amphibious Operation and Lift

Includes supplementary material.CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORTSystem Engineering and Analysis Cohort 18A and Temasek Defense Systems InstituteThe aging Whidbey Island and Harpers Ferry class ships, LSD-41 and 49 respectively, comprise just over one third of the amphibious navy. However, a solution to the capability gap created by the loss of these ships is needed to maintain the effectiveness of the amphibious fleet across a broad spectrum of mission areas. This research effort considers future ship designs and fleet architectures to meet the capability gaps left by the decommissioning of the LSD-41 and 49 class ships. With respect to lift capacity, performance capability, cost and a risk assessment, the analysis showed the LPD-17 or a LSD(X) approximately 30% larger than the existing classes to be acceptable replacement classes. This analysis also supports further research to determine the most robust fleet architecture apart from the current eleven LHA or LHD, eleven LPD and eleven LSD paradigm.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

ASEAN Orthopaedic Association Education Committee - Orthopaedic curriculum for residency training 2019

In November 2013, Dr Dohar Tobing, who was the President of the ASEAN Orthopaedic Association at that time, organized a Seminar on Orthopaedic Education in Yogyakarta to discuss residency training in ASEAN. At this initial meeting the training program in each country was presented by representatives from each ASEAN country. Subsequently the ASEAN Orthopaedic Association established the Education Committee under the chairmanship of Professor Lee Eng Hin to develop a common syllabus/curriculum for all ASEAN countries based on minimum standards required to practice competently as a general orthopaedic surgeon. The main objective of having a common curriculum is to facilitate exchanges of residents and fellows amongst the ASEAN countries to increase their exposure to orthopaedic conditions in the region and improve their breadth and depth of knowledge and skills. The first meeting of the Education Committee was held in Cebu in November 2014 and the Committee has since met twice a year in May and November. Training programs in the ASEAN countries were discussed and a consensus was reached on the structure and length of the training program for the AOA curriculum. In May 2016, three workgroups were formed under the leadership of Professor David Choon, Dr Dohar Tobing and Professor Lee Eng Hin to develop the detailed curriculum in the following areas: a) General Orthopaedics/Trauma/Infection/Sports/Pathophysiology/Basic Science Lead: David Choon Members: Arturo C. Canete, Jean Pierre F. Leung, Apipop Kritsaneephaiboon, Maung Mg Htwe, Sabarul A. Mokhtar b) Adult Orthopaedics/Spine/Upper Limb/Foot & Ankle/Biomaterials/Biomechanics Lead: Dohar Tobing Members: Myint Thaung, Peter Lee, Yeo Sing Jin, Kamarul Ariffin Khalid, Khin Mg Myint, Azlina Abbas c) Pediatrics/Oncology Lead: Lee Eng Hin Members: Edward HM Wang, Kanyika Chamniprasas, Pornchai Mulpruek, Istan Irmansyah Irsan, Abdul Razak Sulaiman, Wan Faisham Nu’man Wan Ismail In addition to their contributions as workgroup members, the following individuals made substantial contributions in the following areas: Pathophysiology/Basic Science: Vivek Ajit Singh and David Choon General Ortho: Wan Faisham Nu’man Wan Ismail and Kamarul Ariffin Khalid Trauma: Arturo Cañete and Jean Pierre Leung Sports Medicine: Aung Myo Win Adult-Hip & Knee: Maung Mg Htwe and Myint Thaung Spine: Dohar Tobing Upper limb/Hand: Khin Mg Myint Foot & Ankle: Inderjeet Singh Paediatrics: Lee Eng Hin and Abdul Razak Sulaiman Oncology: Edward Wang and Istan Irmansyah Irsa

PRISMA checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review involving a network meta-analysis.

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